Amlíne – Timeline

Scéal an Ghaeilge in ord ama

A Brief Timeline of An Ghaeilge/the Irish Language

5ú haois – An Ghaelainn curtha i scríbhinn ar an nglaotar Ogham don chéad uair.

5th century – The Irish language appears in written form as Ogham. i

7ú haois – Scríobhadh an Ghaelainn sa chló Rómhánach don chéad uair.

7th century – Irish is first written in Roman script. ii

16ú haois – Ainneoin a bhfuil de dhaoine ag imeacht as an dtír, is í an Ghaelainn teanga labhartha fhurmhór mhuintir na hÉireann ag an am

16th century – in spite of immigration to the country, Irish is spoken by the majority of people in Ireland. iii

17ú haois – ‘Sé Béarla teanga riaracháin na tíre, ag cur sriain le húsáid na Gaelainne

17th century – English is the language of administration in Ireland, thus limiting the use of the Irish language. iv

Anuas go dtí an Gorta Mór (1845-49) tá an Ghaelainn á labhairt go forleathan in Éirinn ach ag cúlú roimh ghalldú na tíre

Up to 1848 – up to An Gorta Mór/The Great Famine (1845-49), v the Irish language is in decline due to the continued Anglicisation of Ireland. vi

1876 – bunaíodh Cumann Buan-Choimeádta na Gaeilge

1876 – The establishment of the Society for the Preservation of the Irish Language. vii

1878 – bunaíodh an chéad scoil Berlitz i bhfoghlaim teangan i Providence, Rhode Island, Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá. Trína labhairt a múintear teanga de réir an mhodha seo. I bpáirt leis an Modh Gouin, chuir an Modh Berlitz a chomaoin féin ar an Modh Díreach a cheapadh i gColáiste Múinteoireachta na Mumhan, Béal Átha an Ghaorthaidh, ó 1904 anonn.

1878 – The foundation of the first Berlitz school of language learning in Providence, Rhode Island, USA. viii The method involves learning through speaking a language. Along with the Gouin Series Method (see below), the Berlitz Method contributed to the development of An Modh Díreach/The Direct Method of teaching in Coláiste Múinteoireachta na Mumhan (Coláiste na Mumhan hereafter), Béal Átha an Ghaorthaidh/Ballingeary from 1904 onwards.

19ú haois – Cuireann Francois Gouin (1831–96) Modh na Sraithe i bhfoghlaim teangan ar fáil. Tá an Modh Díreach, a d’úsáidfí i gColáiste na Mumhan, Béal Átha an Ghaorthaidh, ar ball bunaithe, a bheag nó a mhór, ar an modh seo.

19th century – Francois Gouin (1831-1896) introduces the Series Method of language acquisition; iv An Modh Díreach/the Direct Method used in Coláiste na Mumhan, Béal Átha an Ghaorthaidh/Ballingeary is based on this, at least in part.

1888 – Ceapadh an tAthair Pádraig Ó Mhuirthile ina Shagart Paróiste in Uíbh Laoire (Paróiste ina bhfuil Guagán Barra agus Béal Átha ‘n Ghaorthaidh), agus tugann fé ndeara meath a bheith ag teacht ar labhairt na Gaelainne sa dúthaigh.

1888 – Fr Patrick Hurley is appointed Parish Priest in Uíbh Laoire/Iveleary (the parish in which Guagán Barra/Gougane Barra and Béal Átha an Ghaorthaidh/Ballingeary lie) and notices a decline in the use of the Irish language within the parish.

1893 – Bunaíodh Conradh na Gaeilge chun teanga agus litríocht na Gaeilge a chur chun cinn.

1893 – The foundation of Conradh na Gaeilge/The Gaelic League to promote the Irish language and literature.

1903 – Tugann an tAthair Risteárd Ó Dálaigh ceachtanna Gaelainne i dTigh Ósta Uí Chróinín sa Ghuagán

1903 – Lessons are given in Irish in Cronin’s Hotel, Guagán Barra/Gougane Barra by Rev Dr Richard Ó Dalaigh/O’Daly.

1904 – Bunaíodh Coláiste na Mumhan, Béal Átha an Ghaorthaidh – cláraigh 62 dalta sa chéad bhliain. Lean coláistí teanga eile tamall ina dhiaidh sin.

1904 – The foundation of Coláiste na Mumhan, Béal Átha an Ghaorthaidh/Ballingeary – 62 students enroll in the first year. x Other language colleges soon follow.

1907 – Tosnaíonn Shán Ó Cuív, Osborn O hAimhirgín, agus an tAthair Risteár Ó Dálaigh ar litriú simplí a sholáthar don nGaelainn

1907 – Shán Ó Cuív, Osborn Bergin and Fr Dr Richard Ó Dalaigh/O’Daly begin to devise a simplified spelling for the Irish language.

1908 – Bhunaigh Pádraig Mac Piarais scoil dhátheangach do bhuacaillí, Scoil Éanna, i Tigh Cullenswood in Raghnallach, Baile Átha Cliath.

1908 – The foundation of Pádraig Mac Piarais’s/Pádraig Pearse’s bilingual school for boys, Scoil Éanna, (St. Enda’s School) in Cullenswood House in Ranelagh, County Dublin. xi

1909 – Cláraigh 252 dalta i gColáiste Múinteoireachta na Mumhan, Béal Átha’n Ghaorthaidh, Iarthar Chorcaí.

1909 – 252 students enroll at Coláiste Múinteoireachta na Mumhan, Béal Átha’n Ghaorthaidh, West Cork.

1910 – Bunaíodh An Cuman um Letiriú Símplí xii – córas neamhchasta i litriú na Gaelainne – bunaithe ar an módh conspóideach a chum Ó Cuív, Bergin agus Ó Dalaigh sa bhliain 1907.

1910 – The foundation of An Cuman um Letiriú Símplí xiii – a simplified system for spelling in Irish – based on the controversial method developed by Ó Cuív, Bergin and Ó Dalaigh/O’Daly in 1907.

1915 – Molann Piaras Béaslaí in The Leader (30ú Deireadh Fómhair) go gcuirfí tús le scéim a spreagfaidh daoine chun an Ghaelainn a labhairt. Molann sé go gcaithfeadh lucht labhartha na Gaelainne comhartha líofachta. Go gairid ina dhiaidh sin, is ea a tháinig an Fáinne ar an saol.

1915 – Piaras Béaslaí proposes in The Leader (30th October) that a scheme be introduced to encourage people to speak in Irish; he suggests that a badge should be worn by Irish speakers to indicate fluency. xiv Soon after, An Fáinne (a circular ring or pin to indicate fluency in Irish) is introduced.

1922 – Ar bhunú Shaorstát Éireann fógraíodh gurbh í an Ghaelainn teanga náisiúnta na tíre í nárbh fholáir a mhúineadh i ngach ceann de scoileanna náisiúnta na tíre.

1922 – Upon the formation of An Saorstát Éireann/the Free State, An Ghaeilge/Irish is declared the ‘national language’ and made compulsory in all national schools. xv

1937 – Tugadh an gradam ‘PríomhTheanga Oifigiúil’ in Éirinn don nGaelainn agus an stádas ‘An Dara Teanga Oifigiúil’ don Bhéarla san leagan nuachóirithe de Bhunreacht na hÉireann

1937 – Irish is designated the ‘first official language’ in Ireland with English as the ‘second official language’ in the redrafted Bunreacht na hÉireann/ constitution. xvi

1958 – D’fhoilsigh Rialtas na hÉireann ‘An Caighdeán Oifigiúil’.

1958 – The Official Standard for the Language, known as An Caighdeán Oifigiúil, is published by the Government of Ireland. xvii

Endnotes

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